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Analyzing the Relationship between the Tourism Industry and Iran’s Economic Growth: Challenges and Ethical Responsibilities in the Time-Frequency Domain
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Ebrahim Nabiuny1   , Ali Hasani2 , Esmaeil Safarzadeh3 |
1- Ph.D. Student, Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Tourism Economics, Faculty of Tourism, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran. , hassani@usc.ac.ir
3- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. |
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Abstract: (35 Views) |
Background: The tourism industry, as one of the leading sectors of the service economy, can play a role in diversifying the economic structure and strengthening economic growth. However, the sustainability of this role depends on environmental and social considerations. The aim of the present study is to analyze the dynamic relationship between the tourism industry and Iran’s economic growth in a time-frequency framework and to examine the ethical implications of the development of this industry during the 2001-2023.
Method: This study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-experimental in terms of method based on time series data of the Iranian economy. The statistical population includes the entire Iranian economy in the period 1380-1402, and due to the use of annual secondary data, sampling was carried out as a complete census. The data collection tool is official domestic and international statistics related to GDP, tourism indicators, CO₂ emissions, and Gini coefficient. Continuous wavelet transforms, wavelet correlation, and phase difference analysis were used to analyze the data, and the processing was carried out in the MATLAB software environment.
Results: The results showed that the relationship between tourism and economic growth is significant in the medium and long-term horizons and the causality is mainly from tourism to economic growth, while a stable relationship was not observed in the short term. Also, in some periods, tourism growth has coincided with increasing environmental pressure and income inequality.
Conclusion: The findings, while providing conditional support for the tourism-based growth hypothesis, emphasize the necessity of ethics-based policymaking and simultaneous attention to environmental sustainability and social justice in the development of the tourism industry. |
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| Keywords: Tourism Industry, Economic Growth, Time-Frequency Analysis, Wavelet Correlation, Ethical Implications, Sustainable Development |
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Full-Text [PDF 739 kb]
(37 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/12/24 | Accepted: 2026/02/28 | Published: 2026/08/1
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